A circuit board drilling is just like a common drill, except that it is optimized for drilling holes in the printed circuit board as opposed to drilling holes in other materials such as wood. To make a drill on PCB, the first factory should have the PCB drilling file. The drill file is also commonly referred to as an NC (numerically controlled) drill file in the industry. Excellon is the preferred term used with our Wonderful PCB Limited services. The Excellon drill file defines the hole locations and tool numbers (X & Y coordinates).
PCB drilling File General Requirements:
•All PCB holes are plated through meaning, there will be solder or silver in the PCB hole barrel.
•Must be Excellon format
•Must be ASCII text viewable. Please open with "Word" or "notepad" to verify a numeric list of X & Y coordinates. There should be no strange graphical characters.
•PCB drill file should not contain "G01", "G54", or any reference to "D" codes when opened in a text editor. This indicates a Gerber format and is most likely a drill drawing rather than an NC file.
•Properly formatted PCB drill files have sizes separated with "T" codes that indicate tool numbers. (T01, T02, etc)
•A tool report with sizes is necessary if the sizes are not included in the drill file header.
•For Slots or Cutouts (PCB Express only): Fabrication Drawing, NC Drill File, or Gerber file is necessary to define slot/cutout size and/or location. ◦To achieve a plated slot or cutout place the feature on the drill layer and include an outer layer pad at least the size of the slot or cutout. Maximum diameter for a plated feature is 0.250"
To have PCB drilling file, and now we need to know there are two main drilling holes in the circuit board. One is NPTH hole, another is PTH hole.All the holes in the single sided printed circuit board are NPTH hole. That’s because no need for electronic conduction between layers in single sided PCB. It has just one copper foil layer. PTH hole will appear in double sided or multilayer PCB.
These holes exist for the electronic conduction among layers. So it may have Copper in these holes.
Back drilled holes can be back drilled before filling (no exposed copper), or after filling (exposed copper looking down on a cross-section of the barrel of the hole), or on non-filled holes. That means that they could be drilled before filling which means before the second drill for the unfilled holes (drill the identified back drill holes, plate, back drill, fill, drill non-filled holes, plate again) or after second plate (drill the filled holes, plate, fill, drill the identified back drill holes and the non-filled holes, plate, back drill the back drilled holes), or they could be back drilled at the end of all the processes if no holes have filling (drill all, plate, drill the back drilled holes).
There will be over size clearances for plane layers and there will be pad suppression for signal layers, so the only exposed copper is the "top" of the barrel. That should not be a problem in most applications and so back drilling (stub drilling) is not itself sufficient reason to incur the cost of via filling. But if VIAs are going to be filled, it makes sense to fill the holes but only before back drilling. Filling after back drilling has its own special issues.
Identifying the back drilled holes in a separate drill file or set of files, and indicating back drill on a drill chart, automatically, from an input say in the design of the pad stack, seems to be missing and would be nice to have. Right now we have to add all these notes about what layer not to breach and how deep is the hole (or conversely, what is the maximum remaining stub) by some special designation in the hole chart that points back to a sheet 1 note - having logic in the design tools to do this would be a plus. (author: Albee)
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